Seminars and Exercises

Seminars and Exercises

 

 

SCHEDULE  FOR THE  I-ST  YEAR OF STUDY AT THE DENTISTRY PROGRAM
FACULTY OF MEDICAL SCIENCES IN ZABRZE,
ACADEMIC YEAR 2023/2024

Seminars and Exercises

 

 

 

Classes No. 1

09.10.2023

Laboratory: Observational methods in biology

  1. Rules and regulations, the organization of classes and lectures.
  2. Scientific activity of Department of Medical and Molecular Biology.
  3. Working with optical microscope:
  • setting proper illumination
  • macroscopic observation, usage of magnifier, applying of oil immersion
  • documentation of observation`s results.

 


Bibliography:

  1. Supplementary materials class 1.

 

 

Classes No. 2

16.10.2023

Seminar: Parasite - host relationship as a model of interspecific interaction

Laboratory: Blood parasites

 

Geographic distribution, morphology, life cycle, diagnostics and pathogenicity of:

 

Trypanosoma brucei gambiense

Trypanosoma brucei rhodesiense

Trypanosoma cruzi

Plasmodium malariae

Plasmodium vivax

Plasmodium ovale

Plasmodium falciparum

Wuchereria bancrofti

 

Partial credit



Bibliography:

  1. Buczek A. (ed.): Parasitology for medical students. Koliber, Lublin 2011, chapter 2.

 Classes No. 3

23.10.2023

Seminar: Adaptation of parasites to the host`s organism

Laboratory: Body fluids and tissues parasites

 

Geographic distribution, morphology, life cycle, diagnostics and pathogenicity of:

 

Leishmania  donovani [1]

Leishmania  brasiliensis [1]

Leishmania  tropica [1]

Trichomonas vaginalis [1]

Trichomonas  tenax [1]

Toxoplasma  gondii [1]

Schistosoma  haematobium [2]

Trichinella  spiralis [3]

 

Partial credit

 

Bibliography:

  1. Buczek A. (ed.): Parasitology for medical students. Koliber, Lublin 2011, chapter 2.
  2. Buczek A. (ed.): Parasitology for medical students. Koliber, Lublin 2011, chapter 3
  3. Buczek A. (ed.): Parasitology for medical students. Koliber, Lublin 2011, chapter 4

Classes No. 4

06.11.2023

Seminar: The digestive tract as an area of parasitic invasion

Laboratory: Protozoa – parasites of gastrointestinal tract

 

Geographic distribution, morphology, life cycle, diagnostics and pathogenicity of:

 

Giardia intestinalis

Entamoeba histolytica

Cryptosporidium parvum

Balantidium coli

 

Partial credit

 

Bibliography:

  1. Buczek A. (ed.): Parasitology for medical students. Koliber, Lublin 2011, chapter 2.

 

 Classes No. 5

13.11.2023

 

Seminar: Ecological aspects in parasitic infections- microhabitat and macrohabitat

Laboratory: Flukes and tapeworms- the parasites of digestive tract

 

Geographic distribution, morphology, life cycle, diagnostics and pathogenicity of:

 

Fasciola hepatica

Taenia solium

Taenia saginata

Diphyllobothrium latum

Echinococcus granulosus

Dipylidium caninum

Hymenolepis nana

 

Partial credit

 

Bibliography:

  1. Buczek A. (ed.): Parasitology for medical students. Koliber, Lublin 2011, chapter 3.

 

Classes No. 6

20.11.2023

Seminar: The influence of biotic and abiotic conditions parasites populations

Laboratory: Nematodes – parasites of digestive tract

 

Geographic distribution, morphology, life cycle, diagnostics and pathogenicity of:

 

Ascaris lumbricoides

Toxocara canis

Toxocara cati

Enterobius vermicularis

Trichuris trichiura

Ancylostoma duodenale

Strongyloides stercoralis

 

Partial credit

  

Bibliography:

  1. Buczek A. (ed.): Parasitology for medical students. Koliber, Lublin 2011, chapter 4.

 

Classes No. 7

27.11.2023

Seminar: The medical importance of arthropods

Laboratory: Ectoparasites – parasitic and allergyinducing arthropods

 

Geographic distribution, morphology, life cycle, diagnostics and pathogenicity of:

 

Sarcoptes scabiei

Pediculus humanus

Pthirus pubis

Pulex irritans

Cimex lectularius

Demodex folliculorum

Psychodidae- Sandflies

Culicidae- Mosquitos

Glossinidae- Tsetse flies

Ixodes ricinus

 

Partial credit

 

Bibliography:

  1. Buczek A. (ed.): Parasitology for medical students. Koliber, Lublin 2011, chapter 5.

 

Classes No. 8

 04.12.2023

 

Seminar: Basic of human cytogenetics

Laboratory: Techniques for chromosomal analysis. Karyotyping

 

  1. Metaphase chromosome structure.
  2. Classification criteria for human chromosomes.
  3. Normal human karyotype.
  4. The procedure of cytogenetic examination: collecting the material, cell cultivation, preparing specimens/making preparations, staining chromosomes, microscope analysis.
  5. Chromosome banding (obtaining G, C, Q and R bands).
  6. Molecular cytogenetics–fluorescent in situ hybridization (FISH), comparative genomic hybridization (CGH) and its applications.
  7. Abnormalities of chromosome number (polyploidy, autosomal aneuploidy).
  8. Chromosome abnormalities and pregnancy loss.
  9. Abnormalities of chromosome structure.
  10. Chromosome abnormalities and clinical phenotypes.
  11. Cancer cytogenetics.
  12. Chromosome instability syndromes.

 

Partial credit

 

Bibliography:

L. B. Jorde, J. C. Carey, M. J. Bamshad: Medical Genetics, 4th Edition. Elsevier 2009. Chapter: 6.

 Supplementary literature:

S. L. Gersen, M. B. Keagle: The Principles of Clinical Cytogenetics, 2nd Edition. Humana Press 2004. Chapter 3: Human Chromosome Nomenclature (pages: 27-51), Chapter: 4 Basic laboratory procedures (pages 63-79), Chapter: 5 The Fundamentals of microscopy (pages 81-91), Chapter 7 Instrumentation in the Cytogenetics Laboratory: High-Resolution Comparative Genomic Hybridization and Microarray CGH (pages 126-128), Chapter: 13 Cytogenetics of Spontaneous Abortion: Specimens for Cytogenetic Studies (pages 338-339), Chapter: 17 Fluorescence In Situ Hybridization (pages 455-458); Comparative Genomic Hybridization (CGH), CGH Microarrays (page 480). →points 2, 4, 5, 6.

T. A. Brown, Genomes. 2nd edition. Oxford: Wiley-Liss, 2002, 2.2. The Anatomy of the Eukaryotic Genome: The special features of metaphase chromosomes https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK21120/ → point 1.

P. Joshi1, M. Munot, P. Kulkarni, M. Joshi. Efficient karyotyping of metaphase chromosomes using incremental learning. IET Science, Measurement and Technology, 2013. doi: 10.1049/iet-smt.2012.0160 https://www.researchgate.net/publication/260635171_Efficient_karyotyping_of_metaphase_chromosomes_using_incremental_learning → point 2.

B. Alberts, A Johnson, J Lewis, et al. Molecular Biology of the Cell. 4th edition. New York: Garland Science; 2002.The Global Structure of Chromosomes: Mitotic Chromosomes Are Formed from Chromatin in Its Most Condensed State https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK26847/ → point 1.

E. Ozkan, M. P. Marcelo, Genetics, Cytogenetic Testing And Conventional Karyotype, Last Update: August 8, 2022. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK563293/ → point 4.

P. Dhwanik, Classification of Human Chromosomes https://www.biologydiscussion.com/chromosomes/classification-of-human-chromosomes-genetics/67068 → point 2.

 

 

 Classes No. 9

11.12.2023

Seminar: Fundamentals of the mechanisms of genetic variation and inheritance

Laboratory: Gene and chromosomal mutations in model organisms. Human karyotype with chromosomal aberration

Topics:

  1. Genetic variation: its origin and detection [1]
  2. Detection and measurement of genetic variation [1]
  • Blood groups, the ABO blood group, the Rh system
  1. Genetic variation in populations [1]
  • Causes of genetic variation
  1. Autosomal dominant and recessive inheritance [1]
  2. Basic concepts of formal genetics [1]
  • Gregor Mendel’s contributions, the concept of phenotype, basic pedigree structure
  1. Autosomal dominant inheritance [1]
  • Characteristics of autosomal dominant inheritance, recurrence risks
  1. Autosomal recessive inheritance [1]
  • Characteristics of autosomal recessive inheritance, recurrence risks, “dominant” versus “recessive”: some cautions
  1. Factors that affect expression of disease-causing genes [1]
  • New mutation, germline mosaicism, reduced penetrance, age-dependent penetrance, variable expression, locus heterogeneity, pleiotropy
  1. Mutants of Drosophila melanogaster [2]

 

Partial credit

Note: Students should bring scissors, colorless adhesive tape.

 

Bibliography:

  1. B. Jorde, J. C. Carey, M. J. Bamshad: Medical Genetics, 6th Edition. Elsevier 2020. Chapter: 3 and 4.
  2. Additional materials for class 9 (file)

Supplementary bibliography:

  1. Yamaguchi, H. Yoshida. Drosophila as a Model Organism. Adv Exp Med Biol. 2018;1076:1-10. doi: 10.1007/978-981-13-0529-0_1. PMID: 29951811.
  2. A. Brown, Genomes. 2nd edition. Oxford: Wiley-Liss, 2002, 12.3.3. Development in Drosophila melanogaster

Classes No. 10

15.12.2023

Seminar: Sex chromosomes

Laboratory: Sex chromatin in interphase nuclei

 

Topics:

  1. Sex-linked and nontraditional modes of inheritance
  • X inactivation
  • Sex-linked inheritance (X-linked recessive inheritance, X-linked dominant inheritance, Y-linked inheritance)
  • Sex-limited and sex-influenced traits
  • Mitochondrial inheritance
  • Genomic imprinting (anticipation and repeat expansion, the fragile X story: molecular genetics explains a puzzling pattern of inheritance)

 

Partial credit and presentation

Presentation topics:

  1. Monosomy of the sex chromosomes
  2. Trisomy of the sex chromosomes
  3. Androgen insensitivity syndrome

 

Bibliography:

  1. B. Jorde, J. C. Carey, M. J. Bamshad: Medical Genetics, 6th Edition. Elsevier 2020. Chapter: 5.

Supplementary bibliography:

  1. L. Gersen, M. B. Keagle: The Principles of Clinical Cytogenetics, 2nd Edition. Humana Press 2004. Chapter 10.
  2. The AGT Cytogenetics Laboratory Manual, Third Edition, edited by M. J. Barch, T. Knutsen, and J. Spurbeck. The Association of Genetic Technologists 1997. Published by Lippincott Raven Publishers, Philadelphia. Chapter 7.

Classes No. 11

08.01.2024

Seminar: Genetic and environmental factors influencing the occurrence of birth defects

Laboratory: Selected syndromes caused by chromosomal aberrations and gene mutations

 

Topics:

  1. Multifactorial inheritance and common diseases
    • Principles of multifactorial inheritance (the multifactorial model, the threshold model, recurrence risks and transmission patterns, multifactorial versus single-gene inheritance)
    • The genetics of common diseases (congenital malformations, multifactorial disorders in the adult population – examples only)
  2. Prenatal diagnosis of genetic disorders and congenital defects
    • Amniocentesis, chorionic villus sampling, other methods of fetal tissue sampling, ultrasonography, maternal serum screening in the first and second trimesters, analysis of fetal DNA in maternal circulation, preimplantation genetic diagnosis
  3. The impact of genomics
    • Pharmacogenetics, genetic prediction of serious adverse drug responses, individualized drug therapy
  4. Dysmorphology and clinical teratology
    • Principles of dysmorphology, clinical teratology
  5. Definitions ecogenetics, pharmacogenetics, nutrigenetics, teratology, transgression

Partial credit and presentation

Presentation topics:

  1. Down's syndrome (trisomy 21)
  2. Edwards syndrome (trisomy 18)
  3. Warkany syndrome (trisomy 8)
  4. Patau syndrome (trisomy 13)

And topics for class number 12

Bibliography:

  1. B. Jorde, J. C. Carey, M. J. Bamshad: Medical Genetics, 6th Edition. Elsevier 2020. Chapter: 12, 13, 14, 15.

Supplementary bibliography:

  1. Lo Muzio. Nevoid basal cell carcinoma syndrome (Gorlin syndrome). Orphanet J Rare Dis 3, 32 (2008). https://doi.org/10.1186/1750-1172-3-32
  2. Weinhold. Environmental Factors in Birth Defects: What We Need to Know. Environ Health Perspect. 2009 Oct;117(10):A440–7. PMCID: PMC2897222 https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2897222/
  3. W. Triche, N. Hossain. Environmental factors implicated in the causation of adverse pregnancy outcome. Semin Perinatol. 2007 Aug;31(4):240-2. doi: 10.1053/j.semperi.2007.07.013. PMID: 17825680; PMCID: PMC2795358. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2795358/
  4. S. Krauss, M. Hong. Gene-Environment Interactions and the Etiology of Birth Defects. Curr Top Dev Biol. 2016;116:569-80. doi: 10.1016/bs.ctdb.2015.12.010. Epub 2016 Feb 1. PMID: 26970642
  5. H, Zhu, S. Kartiko, R. Finnell. Importance of gene-environment interactions in the etiology of selected birth defects. Clinical Genetics. 2009 75(5), 409–423. doi:10.1111/j.1399-0004.2009.01174.x
  6. Paley. Extensive Limb Lengthening for Achondroplasia and Hypochondroplasia. Children (Basel). 2021 Jun 24;8(7):540. doi: 10.3390/children8070540. PMID: 34202538; PMCID: PMC8305967. Extensive Limb Lengthening for Achondroplasia and Hypochondroplasia - PMC (nih.gov)
  7. G. Motulsky , M. Qi. Pharmacogenetics, pharmacogenomics and ecogenetics. J Zhejiang Univ Sci B. 2006 Feb;7(2):169-70. doi: 10.1631/jzus.2006.B0169. PMID: 16421980; PMCID: PMC1363768. Pharmacogenetics, pharmacogenomics and ecogenetics - PMC (nih.gov)
  8. B. Carballo, J.R. Honorato, G.P. de Lopes, et al. A highlight on Sonic hedgehog pathway. Cell Commun Signal 16, 11 (2018). https://doi.org/10.1186/s12964-018-0220-7
  9. Liu, Q, Xiao, J, Xiao, et al. Wnt/β-catenin signalling: function, biological mechanisms, and therapeutic opportunities. Sig Transduct Target Ther 7, 3 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1038/s41392-021-00762-6

Classes No. 12

15.01.2024

Laboratory: Selected hereditary diseases caused by gene mutations

 

  1. Multimedia presentations and discussions on topics covered in the exercise
  2. Completing missed classes.
  3. Passing the class.


Presentation topics:

  1. Treacher-Collins syndrome
  2. Mutations in the FGFP2 gene (Apert, Crouzon and Pfeiffer syndrome)
  3. Alagille syndrome
  4. Cystic fibrosis
  5. Prader-Willi and Angelman syndrome
  6. Duchenne and Becker's dystrophy
  7. Hemophilia A and B

 

Bibliography:

  1. B. Jorde, J. C. Carey, M. J. Bamshad: Medical Genetics, 6th Edition. Elsevier 2020.